The near-universal adoption of electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) by structural and cell biologists has led to exponential growth of the field, especially over the last two decades, with a doubling in the number of deposited electron-microscopy density maps every 2.5 years. This exponential growth has changed in recent years to become linear. Cryo-EM methods are now able to contribute to our structural understanding of biological complexity, ranging from atomic-resolution maps of assemblies of multiprotein complexes to in situ investigation of protein structures in the context of intact cells, snapshots of multiple conformations, and insights into fundamental chemical mechanisms underlying biological function. Combined with dramatic advances in artificial intelligence, the increasing democratization and implementation of cryo-EM appears poised to drive a new revolution in digital biology.
